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Overview of Bladder Stones
Bladder stones form when minerals in concentrated urine crystallize into stones, often as a result of incomplete bladder emptying. Both men and women can develop bladder stones, and some groups are at higher risk.


Causes and risk factors
Bladder stones can develop due to:
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Inflammation
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Damaged nerves
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Medical devices (such as catheters)
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Kidney stones
Risk Factors
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Age (especially in postmenopausal women)
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Conditions causing urinary obstruction (such as pelvic organ prolapse)
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Nerve damage caused by various conditions (such as multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injuries)

Treatment for Bladder Stones
Treatment options include:

Dissolution of stones
Using a cystoscope, ultrasound, lasers, or other instruments to crush and pass stones.

Surgical removal
Surgery may be necessary for large or difficult-to-dissolve stones.
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